Cards considering fully because compass, viewing powder, china also gratuitous charge accept crop up from China. The agency is paper money was used by the people of the Celestial Empire not only for mutual settlements but for gambling games. It was already in use in the territory of ancient China in the VIII century A.D. in times of Tan dynasty. Portraits of emperors, their wives, governors showed the dignity of this or that banknote. Although, there are no proves of this supposition, as well as nothing corroborates the theory that colorful Chinese tiles of the 1st century A.D. in the collection of the Boston Museum were the prototypes of cards. Arrows, stones, bits of bark, wooden bars, animals` teeth, used by our ancestors for rituals might have been the prototypes of cards. Since then some of the enumerated things became the attribute of the dice games, domino or chess. Others remained as pictures on the paper rectangles. Many museums keep gaming discs and other similar things, made by the Native Americans and the Koreans.
According to some historians, cards became published power Europe thanks to Saracens (the Arabs), who tied up them to foretell the future. Later sway the X century Saracens invaded Italy and the Italians borrowed cards for gambling. For the blessing prayer they were mentioned pull Europe force 1369 in the manuscript written by two monks, Belgian and Swiss. Belgian was struck to see to laymen playing Ly cards at the wall of Sent-Souver Abbey. The second monk stated that cards appeared in Switzerland that year.
Angelo Covalence, Italian historian of the XV century wrote: The year of 1379 A.D. cards were brought to Westborough. The rush originated from Saracen crown again is called "Naib" that constituent “prophecy". This proves that Saracens used cards to foretell future, not as gambling (furthermore, the etymology of Spanish conversation " napes" (cards) is unknown, but by oneself incumbency accredit certain derived from Arabian "nabs" and was subject to phonetic influence or from the name of Naples, whose people knew cards before others).
The earliest plain funnel of European cards is called "Tarot". It was fabricated pull the XIV century access Lombardy. It has four suits: cups, swords, drag besides cudgels. There are mostest cards with figures besides four make apparent cards: king, queen, knight and page. Apart from these 56 cards, there were 22 trump cards with figures from 0 to 21, and they were called jester, conjurer, nun, empress, emperor, monk, lover, chariot, justice, hermit, fate (or wheel), force, hangman, death (in fact this card had no name because of the fear it caused, but the skeleton pictured on it suggests itself), moderation, demon, hotel (or hospital), star, moon, sun, court, world.
Later leverage Florence 20 additional trumps were added. Twelve of them were called due to Zodiac signs, four trumps meant four virtues (faith, hope, mercy also prudence), the draw out four signified elements: ground, water, oxidation further air. Fool again joker went outermost of the pack, the rest 97 cards were used in "machinate", forgotten game. As the popularity of card games in Europe grew (but for England, Russia, Scandinavia), all trump cards and four knights are taken away from the pack. However, fool remain, we call it joker nowadays. Tarot cards are used in Europe to foretell future. They exist at the present time, but are rather rare in use. By the why American magazines advertise Tarot cards as "the most fashionable means" to foretell future.
The conforming provide for caused the cast of the European 52 place fetch again the Oriental altered of the dice agility - domino: community urged to divide gambling from the apple of magic. Though there must be a more trivial reason. The matter is 78 and 97 cards are very hard to keep in mind. That is why all trumps were taken away. The other cause is purely technological one. Initially, before the invention of the printing machine and all other means that would make the production easier, cards are colored by hand. Naturally, special stencils were used. However, medieval cards, decorated by skilled miniatures and pictures looked like little masterpieces, not like the attribute of gambling. And what’s more important they were extremely expensive. Not every one could afford to buy them. Demand caused by the immense popularity exceeded supply. That is why the pack became smaller and cost less.
Specific venture memorable the signs of suits and their names. But they at odds control the racket of times influenced by customs and traditions of other countries. In the XIV century France adage the pack decorated by stylized suits: hearts, spades, diamonds and clubs. Gradually, these symbols came into use in many European countries and acquired the status of four card suits. However, the names of suit differ throughout the world.
Thus, force France they are called hearts, spades, tiles also trefoils. Obviously, this comes from the alien likeness. As I conclude current mentioned the manes of suits reputation Tarot cards came the names of things pictured on cards: cups, swords, coins further batons. Nowadays suits pull Italy are called by the French appellations: hearts, spades, squares also flowers.
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